The other aspect of geothermal exploration in nigeria is. Other basins located in the gulf of guinea are ivory coast, tano, salt. Sedimentary basins range in size from as small as hundreds of meters to large parts of ocean basins. Part 3 takes the mineral resources of nigeria one on one, their geological environment, mode of occurrence, localities and where possible the reserves estimation. Map of the basins, exploration wells, and major hydrocarbon discoveries in. Depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic study in parts. Establishment of river basins development authorities. Umunya section, niger delta basin, nigeria adaeze i. Basement aquifers consist of crystalline and coarsegrained rocks and argillaceous metasedimentary rocks. Sedimentary depositional environments exert a primary control on lithologies and rock unit architecture.
Hydrocarbon, bida basin, sedimentology, inland basins, nigeria introduction the bida basin, also known as the midniger or nupe basin, is located in westcentral nigeria figure. Sedimentology and depositional environments of the maastrichtian patti formation, southeastern bida basin, nigeria article in cretaceous research 306. One of such sedimentary basins in which this type of model has been applied is the united states coast of gulf of mexico which shows much similarity to the niger delta. The basins did not begin to fill with sediment until the albian age of the cretaceous.
Potential impacts of climate change and variability on. Thus, it is important to understand how the river and its. It is a shallow, linear depression with sedimentary fill of about 3,000 m thick udensi and osazuwa, 2004. It is frequently regarded as the northwestern extension of the anambra basin to the southeast, both of which major depocentres were during the. The outlying areas remain a significant asset yet to be exploited. Sedimentary facies relationships and depositional environments of the maastrichtian enagi formation, northern bida basin, nigeria ojo olusola j. The present study examines the stratigraphic succession of benin and western nigeria offshore basins and attempts to compare these stratigraphic nomenclatures. Basement geology in the sedimentary basins of nigeria. Over geologic time, depressions on earths surface are filled with sediments and organic materials that have been transported by wind, rivers, and ocean currents.
Hydrocarbon seepages have been reported in the basin around pategimuregi on the. Anambra basin in the lower benue trough is a major coal producing basin in nigeria where intensive. Sedimentary basins in india india has 26 sedimentary basins covering an area of 3. It is delimited in the northeast and southwest by the basement complex while it merges with anambra and sokoto basins in sedimentary fill comprising post orogenic molasse facies and few thin unfolded marine sediments.
In the deepwater beyond the 200m isobath, the sedimentary area has been estimated to be about 1. The three major rock types igneous, meta morphic and sedimentary abound in nigeria. Tectonics is needed to make sedimentary basins, but the record of the basin itself is sedimentary. The benin dahomey basin is one of the sedimentary basins located in the gulf of guinea oil province and straddles through four major countries, namely, ghana, the republic of benin, the federal republic of nigeria and the republic of togo figure 1.
In nigeria, the dominant type of basement rock intersected by wells drilled for hydrocarbons, limestone, or water is granite. Sketch geological map of nigeria showing the inland basins and sample localities. Most of the wells that penetrated the basement are in the eastern dahomey embayment of western nigeria. The mineral resources so far reported in the trough by the geological survey of nigeria agency are discussed below. Stratigraphy and petroleum plays of the late to middle.
The niger delta sedimentary basin of nigeria contains more than 12km of marine and deltaic sediments. But implicit in the concept of a sedimentary basin is the existence of prolonged crustal subsidence, to make a place for a thick deposit of sediment that might well have been deposited in an area without basinal geometry at the surface. Sediments in the basin were deposited in nonmarine to coastal marine environments, and ranges in age from ordovician to cretaceous. Sedimentary succes sions in these basins are of middle mesozoic to recent age. Download scientific diagram geological map and sedimentary basins of nigeria. Geology and mineral resources of the lower benue trough, nigeria. The other side of the basin is bounded by the cameroon volcanic line and the transform passive continental. Nigeria sedimentary basins table 1, lists nigerias 7 main sedimentary basins with some information on size and prospectivity, main reservoirs, exploration status etc. Sokoto and nigerian part of chad sedimentary basins, where relatively high geothermal gradients were found. Executive summary the dynamics of sedimentary basins the. The mixed provenance of the sandstones can be traced to the southwestern and southeastern basement complex consisting of granites, gneisses, etc.
Doc geology of nigeria vincent kalu and stanless pee. In the southeast, poorly bedded sandy shale alternates with layers of sandstone and sandy limestone, containing ammonite, radiolarian, echinoid and gastropod fossils. Heavy minerals and geochemical characteristics of sandstones as indices of provenance and source area tectonics of the ogwashiasaba formation, niger delta basin. Earth systems history on ecampus sedimentary rocks intro origin of sedimentary rocks clastic rocks carbonate sedimentary rocks interpreting sedimentary rocks environment of. Pdf analysis of petroleum system for exploration and risk. Sequence stratigraphic technique was applied to sediments in the xy field, onshore niger delta by integrating. This basin is very complex, and it carries high economic value as it contains a very. The sokoto basin zone comprises sedimentary rocks in northwest nigeria. Between these massifs, sedimentary basins are strung out along a northeastsouthwest axis from lake chad to the niger delta, i. Nigeria has extensive groundwater resources, located in eight recognized hydrogeological areas together with local groundwater in shallow alluvial fadama aquifers adjacent to major rivers.
Large sedimentary basins formed in southern nigeria, divided by the okitipupa ridge. The mesozoic younger granite ring complexes of nigeria form part of a wider province of alkaline anorogenic magmatism extending from northern niger republic to south central nigeria. The northwest southeastern trending bida basin forms one of the major inland sedimentary basins in nigeria. The essential element of the concept is tectonic creation of relief, to. Contains details on the geological units of nigeria and the associated mineral resources. The three sedimentary basins in nigeria are underlain by continental crust except in the niger delta, where the basement rock is interpreted to be oceanic crust. The major aquifers in nigeria are basement aquifers, sedimentary basins, volcanic plateau, and river alluvium. The core producing areas cover some 60% of the total acreage of about 31,105 sq. Depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic study in. Cote divoire, burkina faso, and chad are part of the basin but are minimally affected by the use and management of the rivers water resources. G o f g eo l p a h n y r u o scis journal of geology. Heavy mineral studies of the paleogene niger delta lithostratigraphic units are partly documented in hoque 1977 and nwajide 1980. Linked together, such models would contribute to a new integrated understanding of sedimentary basins with broad implications for research across the geosciences, for identifying and extracting mineral and fossil fuel resources, and for preserving the quality of. Aeromagnetic interpretation over maiduguri and environs of.
Recent interests in drilling highrisk depths and targets. Sedimentology and depositional environments of the. Geological developments in the basin in terms of basin evolution and structural features have been discussed by many authors. Pdf geological map of the transboundary region benin, niger. Nigeria is underlain by seven major sedimenta ry basins, viz. Sedimentary basins form primarily in convergent, divergent and transform settings. Its application is chiefly directed towards paleoenvironmental and biostratigraphic investigations but it is also usefully. The benue trough is one of the seven main sedimentary structural features in the sene nigeria.
It is important to continue with and to step up efforts on the hydrocarbon exploration programmes in nigerias other sedimentary basins outside the niger delta as. It is a rift basin with plate dilation leading to the opening of the gulf of guinea 9,10. Heavy minerals and geochemical characteristics of sandstones as indices of provenance and source area tectonics of the. Part 3 takes the mineral resources of nigeria one on one, their geological environment, mode of occurrence, localities. Geological map of the transboundary region benin, niger, and nigeria. Part 1 discusses the geology of the crystalline rocks and their regional distribution while the sedimentary basins constitute the subject of part 2. Jul 09, 2009 contains details on the geological units of nigeria and the associated mineral resources. Waec gce past questions and answers free download pdf all. It is frequently regarded as the northwestern extension of the anambra basin to the southeast. Earths crust, of tectonic origin, in which sediments accumulate. Geology and mineral resources of nigeria nuhu george obaje. The anambra basin has become a subject of interest in recent years, following renewed search for hydrocarbon in nigeria s inland sedimentary basins to increase its reserve base. Abstract nigerias search for increased oil and gas reserves requires the discovery of additional petroleum plays using more accurate exploration techniques like sequence stratigraphy. The spatial and temporal evolution of depositional systems in a basin depends on a complex interplay between sediment supply, eustatic variations, climate and tectonic processes at the time of tectonics of sedimentary basins.
Executive summary the dynamics of sedimentary basins. Pdf analysis of petroleum system for exploration and. Analysis of petroleum system for exploration and risk reduction in the southeastern inland basins of nigeria article pdf available in petroleum and coal 602 march 2018 with 1,175 reads. Geology and mineral resources of the lower benue trough. Historical water resources use, from sustenance to commerce, has influ. The southern nigeria sedimentary basin includes the lagososse and the niger delta basins that are separated by the benin hinge line the okitipupa ridge. Palynofacies studies of sedimentary succession in ogbabu1. The lower benue trough like other sedimentary basins in nigeria is found to be endowed with mineral resources. One of such sedimentary basins in which this type of model has been applied is the united states coast of gulf. Nigeria benin togo ghana cote divoire gulf of guinea atlantic ocean 0 250 niger delta geology and total petroleum systems of the gulf of guinea province of west africa u. Where the sedimentary section is considerably thick, the amplitudes of the basement subtle features are attenuated and may be overlooked figure 1. Pdf geological map of the transboundary region benin.
Introduction the bida basin, also known as the midniger. Convergent boundaries create foreland basins through tectonic compression of oceanic and continental crust during lithospheric flexure. Tectonic extension at divergent boundaries where continental rifting is occurring can create a nascent ocean basin leading to either an ocean or the failure of the rift zone. Aeromagnetic interpretation over maiduguri and environs of southern chad basin, nigeria. The inland basins of nigeria constitute one set of a.
Igneous and metamorphic rocks constitute the pre cambrian basement complex which is the oldest, crystalline, solid physical foundation of the country. They are pervasive on earth and form in response to complex. In northwestern nigeria the geothermal anomaly of sokoto basin extends to the niger territory. More than 50 complexes occur in nigeria obaje, 2009. Known as sedimentary basins, these features come in many shapes and sizes. Seismic velocity model for sedimentary niger delta, nigeria. The sedimentary succession in the bida basin, central nigeria, has the potential to include an active petroleum system with the generation, migration and. Much has been done in the anambra basin of nigeria. Geology and total petroleum systems of the gulf of guinea. The saltpond basin is a paleozoic wrench modified pullapart basin centrally located between the tanocape three points and accraketa basins. Benkhelil also suggested that the evolution trough could also be as a result of tension resulting in a. Sedimentary rocks fill up the basins which are vast depressions between basement landmass. Sedimentary rocks and sedimentary basins reading stanley, s.
Sedimentary basins range in size from as small as hundreds of meters to large parts of ocean. The sedimentary basins of india, onland and offshore up to the 200m isobath, have an areal extent of about 1. Abstract nigerias search for increased oil and gas reserves requires the discovery of additional. Samuel okechukwu onyekuru is currently a senior lectutrer in sedimentary and petroleum geology in the. Half of nigerias land is composed of three main basement complexes located in the west, the northwest and the southeast.
The sedimentary formations such as the tertiary deposits of the chadsokoto basins, the cretaceous deposits of the niger and benue troughs, and the sedimentary formation of the niger delta, yield groundwater in varying quantities. The niger delta basin lies in the south westernmost part of a larger tectonic structure, the benue trough. Regional geology of nigeria geology, nigeria the mapped area falls within the benue trough the oldest sedimentary rocks in nigeria is in this trough and they are of lower cretaceous age. It is a preliminary stage process aiming to give additional information for the beginning of a stratigraphic harmonization project concerning sedimentary basins of the.
The niger delta basin is an extensional basin surrounded by many other basins in the area that all formed from similar processes. Basement geology in the sedimentary basins of nigeria geology. Earth systems history on ecampus sedimentary rocks intro origin of sedimentary rocks clastic rocks carbonate sedimentary rocks interpreting sedimentary rocks environment of deposition. The sedimentary succession in the bida basin, central nigeria, has the potential to include an active petroleum system with the generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in commercial quantities. An older and a younger group of sedimentary basins can be distinguished in. Nigeria sedimentary basins table 1, lists nigeria s 7 main sedimentary basins with some information on size and prospectivity, main reservoirs, exploration status etc. An overview of the geology and hydrogeology of nigeria.